Tuesday, September 30, 2014

Meditations, Book II, Section 9

Meditations, Book II, Section 9:
Consider how quickly all things are dissolved and resolved: the bodies and substances themselves, into the matter and substance of the world: and their memories into the general age and time of the world. Consider the nature of all worldly sensible things; of those especially, which either ensnare by pleasure, or for their irksomeness are dreadful, or for their outward lustre and show are in great esteem and request, how vile and contemptible, how base and corruptible, how destitute of all true life and being they are.
I regard this one as especially important for maintaining perspective. It's hard to remember; harder still to translate into action based on that perspective.

There is the tendency to measure oneself against an ideal. I think this is the wrong view. Much better it is to measure oneself either according to (1) how you used to be; (2) how you might have acted overall--i.e., across all situations across time--were you not attempting to put these ideas into practice.

English Words of Possibly Etruscan Origin

Wikipedia has a nice list of words that are thought to be of Etruscan origin. 

One of them is 'autumn'. How fascinating it is that whenever people say 'autumn', they are saying a word that might be derived from Etruria. 

Latin Word of the Day: fiscella, ae

Latin word of the day: fiscella, ae
Part of speech: noun
Declension: first
Meaning in English: a small wicker basket

Nominative singular: fiscella
Nominative plural: fiscellae
Genitive singular: fiscellae
Genitive plural: fiscellarum
Dative singular: fiscellae
Dative plural: fiscellis
Accusative singular: fiscellam
Accusative plural: fiscellas
Ablative singular: fiscella
Ablative plural: fiscellis
Vocative singular: fiscella
Vocative plural: fiscellae

There is apparently a related first declension noun with the same meaning: fiscina, ae.

Nominative singular: fiscina
Nominative plural: fiscinae
Genitive singular: fiscinae
Genitive plural: fiscinarum
Dative singular: fiscinae
Dative plural: fiscinis
Accusative singular: fiscinam
Accusative plural: fiscinas
Ablative singular: fiscina
Ablative plural: fiscinis
Vocative singular: fiscina
Vocative plural: fiscinae

This online dictionary looks pretty good.

Thanks

Thanks to Concordia for harmony between people.

Monday, September 29, 2014

Strange First Declension Noun: Galaxias, ae

A strange (at least to me) first declension noun because the nominative singular and the accusative singular are different (although one online dictionary said the standard accusative singular ending is also okay):

Latin word of the day: galaxias, ae
Part of speech: noun
Declension: first
Gender: masculine
Meaning in English: galaxy

Nominative singular: galaxias
Nominative plural: galaxiae
Genitive singular: galaxiae
Genitive plural: galaxiarum
Dative singular: galaxiae
Dative plural: galaxiis
Accusative singular: galaxian
Accusative plural: galaxias
Ablative singular: galaxia
Ablative plural: galaxiis
Vocative singular: galaxia
Vocative plural: galaxiae

Related word: Via Lactea.
Meaning in English: The Milky Way.

The Latin Wikipedia has this interesting sentence in its article on Via Lactea: "Via lactea, sive orbis lacteus est galaxias noster, in quo est systema solare, inde et Sol et Tellus."

Sive: on the other hand, or
Systema solare: Solar System
Inde: thence, from there
Sol: the Sun
Tellus: Earth

To Nature

This is a poem I found online in a book called, Poems of Paganism; Songs of Life and Love, by L. Cranmer Byng, published in 1895. Some of the poems didn't catch my attention, but this one did:

To Nature

Oh! many a time upon thy kind old breast
I've eased my heart of persecution's quest,
And, gazing awestruck over solemn skies,
Sunk swooning into mystic reveries;
And often, when the bitter tears were blinding,
I've felt thy gentle arms around me winding,
And heard a zephyr whisper in mine ear:
"Child of the sun and sea, thy home is here.
Where in the brake the fluted throstles sing,
And homing doves are faintly hovering,
Calm peace shall lay what human anguish lingers,
And sweep the lyre with mild, angelic fingers.
Then take thy wounded spirit from the world
To where the heart of Nature is unfurled;
Where, o'er thy head, the trembling tree-tops close,
And life is one long summer of repose,
By star-kissed stream, and echo-haunted cave,
And lonely isle that lazy waters lave;
Where sorrow sleeps and all existence seems
A many-coloured galaxy of dreams."

Notes:       
(1) brake: thicket 
(2) throstle: The Internet says this is an archaic usage for "song thrush".

Sunday, September 28, 2014

Latin Word of the Day: agna, ae

Latin word of the day: agna, ae
Part of speech: noun
Declension: first
Gender: feminine
Meaning in English: female lamb

Note: There is a similar second declension noun meaning male lamb.

Nominative singular: agna
Nominative plural: agnae
Genitive singular: agnae
Genitive plural: agnarum
Dative singular: agnae
Dative plural: agnis
Accusative singular: agnam
Accusative plural: agnas
Ablative singular: agna
Ablative plural: agnis
Vocative singular: agna
Vocative plural: agnae

Meditations, Book II, Section 8

Meditations, Book II, Section 8:
Whatsoever thou dost affect, whatsoever thou dost project, so do, and so project all, as one who, for aught thou knowest, may at this very present depart out of this life. And as for death, if there be any gods, it is no grievous thing to leave the society of men. The gods will do thee no hurt, thou mayest be sure. But if it be so that there be no gods, or that they take no care of the world, why should I desire to live in a world void of gods, and of all divine providence? But gods there be certainly, and they take care for the world; and as for those things which be truly evil, as vice and wickedness, such things they have put in a man's own power, that he might avoid them if he would: and had there been anything besides that had been truly bad and evil, they would have had a care of that also, that a man might have avoided it. But why should that be thought to hurt and prejudice a man's life in this world, which cannot any ways make man himself the better, or the worse in his own person? Neither must we think that the nature of the universe did either through ignorance pass these things, or if not as ignorant of them, yet as unable either to prevent, or better to order and dispose them. It cannot be that she through want either of power or skill, should have committed such a thing, so as to suffer all things both good and bad, equally and promiscuously, to happen unto all both good and bad. As for life therefore, and death, honour and dishonour, labour and pleasure, riches and poverty, all these things happen unto men indeed, both good and bad, equally; but as things which of themselves are neither good nor bad; because of themselves, neither shameful nor praiseworthy.

Latin Word of the Day: Regina, ae

Latin word of the day: regina, ae
Part of speech: noun
Declension: first
Gender: feminine
Meaning in English: queen

Nominative singular: regina
Nominative plural: reginae
Genitive singular: reginae
Genitive plural: reginarum
Dative singular: reginae
Dative plural: reginis
Accusative singular: reginam
Accusative plural: reginas
Ablative singular: regina
Ablative plural: reginis
Vocative singular: regina
Vocative plural: reginae

Saturday, September 27, 2014

Liars & Slanderers

There are all kinds of people in the world. There are liars, slanderers, rumor spreaders, people who think superficially and are quick to misperceive and spread false information. There are people who only tell one side of the story and people who judge having heard only one side of the story--and think nothing of the fact that they have done so. 

This is the nature of the world and of people. If you don't get used to this basic truth, you can never and will never be happy. 

Latin Word of the Day: Clepta, ae

Latin Word of the Day: clepta, ae
Part of speech: noun
Declension: first
Gender: masculine
Meaning in English: thief

Nominative singular: clepta
Nominative plural: cleptae
Genitive singular: cleptae
Genitive plural: cleptarum
Dative singular: cleptae
Dative plural: cleptis
Accusative singular: cleptam
Accusative plural: cleptas
Ablative singular: clepta
Ablative plural: cleptis
Vocative singular: clepta
Vocative plural: cleptae

The dictionary says this word isn't the source of English words such as kleptomania and kleptocracy. Rather, it says both clepta, cleptae and its English counterparts came from Greek.

Meditations, Book II, Section 7

Meditations, Book II, Section 7:
Theophrastus, where he compares sin with sin (as after a vulgar sense such things I grant may be compared:) says well and like a philosopher, that those sins are greater which are committed through lust, than those which are committed through anger. For he that is angry seems with a kind of grief and close contraction of himself, to turn away from reason; but he that sins through lust, being overcome by pleasure, doth in his very sin bewray a more impotent, and unmanlike disposition. Well then and like a philosopher doth he say, that he of the two is the more to be condemned, that sins with pleasure, than he that sins with grief. For indeed this latter may seem first to have been wronged, and so in some manner through grief thereof to have been forced to be angry, whereas he who through lust doth commit anything, did of himself merely resolve upon that action.

My Achilles' Heel

Suppose that you've grown not to have your emotions swayed by things that happen or things that people say in particular areas of life. Despite this, there are yet specific areas where you are sensitive and reactive. Or, alternatively, your sensitivities evolve over time. As you grow or experience the world, you come to place importance on different things than when you were younger, or even just a few years before, and through this, as part of the package that things come in--though perhaps without realizing it--you also acquire a new sensitivity about them as the flip side of your attachment to them. Or--a third possibility--you grow out of practice in certain areas of potential sensitivity that you had previously mastered. 

There's only one answer, of course. You must apply the techniques to all areas in which you are sensitive and reactive. It won't do to avoid them or to inflate the importance of other requirements as a means of not facing them, nor will it do to buy into the mind's way of reserving from general circulation particular cherished things and placing them outside the reach of the techniques.

Friday, September 26, 2014

Stanislav Petrov: The Man Who Saved the World

On this day in 1983, a Soviet officer named Stanislav Petrov saved the world from nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union. There's a video about him on Vimeo, produced by the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons and an article on BBC News that provides further information. 

Most people alive today owe their lives to Officer Petrov's decision that day. 

Wednesday, September 24, 2014

Meditations, Book II, Section 6

Meditations, Book II, Section 6:
These things thou must always have in mind: What is the nature of the universe, and what is mine—in particular: This unto that what relation it hath: what kind of part, of what kind of universe it is: And that there is nobody that can hinder thee, but that thou mayest always both do and speak those things which are agreeable to that nature, whereof thou art a part.

Tuesday, September 23, 2014

First Declension Word Search


It's fun to have fun with it. But, I couldn't do it without making a mistake. That's all right!

Meditations, Book II, Section 5

Meditations, Book II, Section 5:
For not observing the state of another man's soul, scarce was ever any man known to be unhappy. Tell whosoever they be that intend not, and guide not by reason and discretion the motions of their own souls, they must of necessity be unhappy.

Latin Word of the Day: Agricola, ae

Latin word of the day: agricola,ae
Part of speech: noun
Declension: first
Gender: masculine
Meaning in English: farmer

Nominative singular: agricola
Nominative plural: agricolae
Genitive singular: agricolae
Genitive plural: agricolarum
Dative singular: agricolae
Dative plural: agricolis
Accusative singular: agricolam
Accusative plural: agricolas
Ablative singular: agricola
Ablative plural: agricolis
Vocative singular: agricola
Vocative plural: agricolae

Overview of First Declension Nouns

Nice overview of first declension nouns. She points out that the declension will be the same for first declension nouns whether they are masculine or feminine. 

Monday, September 22, 2014

Instead

I just typed out a critical comment on a political website. Not harsh or insulting mind you, but diplomatically critical. For no reason, a thought appeared that I should I close the page without pressing the 'submit' button. So I did. 

I think now I will make an offering of incense to Concordia. Doing so feels so much cleaner and purer. When I go to work, I'm going to try to stop and look up at the clear blue sky. 

Latin Word of the Day

Latin word of the day: apotheca, ae
Part of speech: noun
Declension: first
Gender: feminine
Meaning in English: storehouse, repository, warehouse

Nominative singular: apotheca
Nominative plural: apothecae
Genitive singular: apothecae
Genitive plural: apothecarum
Dative singular: apothecae
Dative plural: apothecis
Accusative singular: apothecam
Accusative plural: apothecas
Ablative singular: apotheca
Ablative plural: apothecis
Vocative singular: apotheca
Vocative plural: apothecae

"Apothecary" would seem to be derived from this word. Wiktionary says that "boutique" is also derived from this word. 

Meditations, Book II, Section 4

Meditations, Book II, Section 4:
Why should any of these things that happen externally, so much distract thee? Give thyself leisure to learn some good thing, and cease roving and wandering to and fro. Thou must also take heed of another kind of wandering, for they are idle in their actions, who toil and labour in this life, and have no certain scope to which to direct all their motions, and desires.

Manhunt

My sister's house is right in the heart of the search area for the man who shot the Pennsylvania state troopers. Schools are closed or something, and everyone has been hunkered down in their houses. Roads are closed off, they say; it's hard to go places. Police cars in driveways; helicopters in the sky, etc. 

I sent her a message via Facebook. I'd bring them some groceries or something if I were there--if that's even possible--but, I'm way over here, on the other side of the world, so, there's not much I can do.

Well, keep calm and stoic on, sister.

About six years ago, I visited her. I did lots of long walks while I was there. One day, I walked down into the town where the fugitive is supposedly from. Another time, I went on a six or so hour hike traversing the length of this nearby state park, down a park road to the two-lane highway, then up the highway (which involved stepping over the guard rail every time a car passed, because I don't trust people not to hit me), then back up a smaller road to my sister's house. I remember when I was walking along the highway, how pretty the sky looked above the pine trees and folds of mountain through which the highway threaded itself. 

What struck me most while I was there was how grim everything felt, economically, socially, and individually. 

Things don't have to be like that--at all(!)--but no one imagines anything different. 

Put a cheerful smile on our faces. Turn the music up. Roll up our sleeves. With our can-do good cheer and effort, we could turn this around!

Sunday, September 21, 2014

Latin Word of the Day: Abstinentia, ae

Latin word of the day: Abstinentia, ae
Meaning in English: Abstinence, fasting, self-restraint
Part of speech: Noun
Declension: First

Nominative singular: Abstinentia
Nominative plural: Abstinentiae
Genitive singular: Abstinentiae
Genitive plural: Abstinentiarum
Dative singular: Abstinentiae
Dative plural: Abstinentiis
Accusative singular: Abstinentiam
Accusative plural: Abstinentias
Ablative singular: Abstinentia
Ablative plural: Abstinentiis
Vocative singular: Abstinentia
Vocative plural: Abstinentiae

Meditations, Book II, Section 3

Meditations, Book II, Section 3:
Do, soul, do; abuse and contemn thyself; yet a while and the time for thee to respect thyself, will be at an end. Every man's happiness depends from himself, but behold thy life is almost at an end, whiles affording thyself no respect, thou dost make thy happiness to consist in the souls, and conceits of other men.

Meditations, Book II, Section 2

Meditations, Book II, Section 2:
Let it be thy earnest and incessant care as a Roman and a man to perform whatsoever it is that thou art about, with true and unfeigned gravity, natural affection, freedom and justice: and as for all other cares, and imaginations, how thou mayest ease thy mind of them. Which thou shalt do; if thou shalt go about every action as thy last action, free from all vanity, all passionate and wilful aberration from reason, and from all hypocrisy, and self-love, and dislike of those things, which by the fates or appointment of God have happened unto thee. Thou seest that those things, which for a man to hold on in a prosperous course, and to live a divine life, are requisite and necessary, are not many, for the gods will require no more of any man, that shall but keep and observe these things.

Saturday, September 20, 2014

Latin Case System

At this YouTube link is a nice overview of the case system of Latin nouns, from Latin Tutorial.

Deity of the Day: Acis

In Metamorphoses, Acis was the son of Faunus. He was in love with the sea-nymph Galatea, but was killed by a jealous cyclops. Galatea turned his blood into the river Acis in Sicily. 

This story was made into an opera by Handel. It's on YouTube. I would like to watch it when I get home tonight. 

Meditations, Book II, Section 1

Meditations, Book II, Section 1:
Remember how long thou hast already put off these things, and how often a certain day and hour as it were, having been set unto thee by the gods, thou hast neglected it. It is high time for thee to understand the true nature both of the world, whereof thou art a part; and of that Lord and Governor of the world, from whom, as a channel from the spring, thou thyself didst flow: and that there is but a certain limit of time appointed unto thee, which if thou shalt not make use of to calm and allay the many distempers of thy soul, it will pass away and thou with it, and never after return.

Latin Word of the Day: Desidia, ae

Latin word of the day: dÄ“sidia, ae
Gender: Feminine.
Meaning in English: Idleness, laziness, sloth.
Declension: First.

Nominative singular: desidia
Genitive singular: desidiae
Dative singular: desidiae
Accusative singular: desidiam
Ablative singular: desidia
Vocative singular: desidia
Nominative plural: desidiae
Genitive plural: desidiarum
Dative plural: desidiis
Accusative plural: desidias
Ablative plural: desidiis
Vocative plural: desidiae

Latin Word of the Day: Penna, ae

Latin word of the day: Penna, ae.
Gender: Feminine.
Meaning in English: Feather; wing.
Declension: First.

Nominative singular: penna
Genitive singular: pennae
Dative singular: pennae
Accusative singular: pennam
Ablative singular: penna
Vocative singular: penna
Nominative plural: pennam
Genitive plural: pennarum
Dative plural: pennis
Accusative plural: pennas
Ablative plural: pennis
Vocative plural: pennae

Friday, September 19, 2014

Good Night

It's time for bed. But, it was such an interesting day, I don't want to forget it, so I'll write just a little:

1. In the morning, I did language exchange with a Korean woman who is married to a Muslim gentleman from India. He owns an Indian restaurant along the waterfront. I had gone there initially because I could get vegetarian food there--that's how I met them. There is an upstairs in the restaurant with a view of the water, facing east. Before the restaurant opened, we sat by the upstairs window to do the language exchange. He kindly served us an omelet with nan & coffee, which I drank, just this time, to be polite. What fascinating people, and what a fascinating location.

2. After finishing language exchange, there was a three-hour gap before the start of work, so I walked lazily back home. There is an interesting, very human street that runs along the waterfront, one block in from the water. It's not quite an alley yet not quite a street. It's cozy with lots of real human activity. There are restaurants of all kinds, bars for foreign workers, and coffee shops. Regrettably, the city government has posted pictures on signs of a redevelopment plan for the whole street, which, as depicted in the pictures on the signs, looks very artificial. I'm trying to be happy that I got to experience this alley-street before it goes away.

3. Before going home, I decided to drop into a 'dabang'. A dabang is a coffee shop, an older kind of coffee shop, that was very prevalent all over Korea before the arrival of Starbucks, which initiated a whole new kind of coffee shop culture in Korea. In the older coffee shops, the dabangs, people smoke; in the evening there is wine, etc. I had been thinking about going into a dabang for quite some time, but had always hesitated previously. There was no one there, except one person, a worker. I guess that she was in her fifties. We had a good conversation. She was completely genuous, plain, calm, and friendly, as people used to be here. She told me about her life. What a fascinating person.

4. Two of my low elementary students are at different levels of English. For the student at the lower level, when they studied together, despite my best attempts at helping him adopt a different way of thinking about learning, this has meant stress, embarrassment, and tears. So, the class was split, and they study separately. But today, on Friday, they were together. I decided to play with them together (bowling with a paper ball and a box) and introduce English naturally into the conversation. My intuition is not good and not usually correct, but this time it worked out. They were overjoyed to be playing and they repeated some of the English that I said. 

5. I cleaned the bathroom. I'm not a hard worker, but I was able to make that contribution, so I'm happy.

6. On YouTube, I listened to a live version of Anarchy in the UK this evening, just before writing this. Brings back memories of when I had my own Sex Pistols album. 

Good night from Asia!

Wednesday, September 17, 2014

Flattered Out of His Cheese

This is very, very hard to read but still interesting.

From, A Latin Reader, by Frank Gallup, published 1913:

Corvus, qui alicunde caseum rapuerat, in altam arborem subvolavit. Vulpecula, quae caseum appetebat, corvum ita adloquitur: "Formam tuam magnopere laudo et pennarum tuarum nitorem. Pol! si cantus tuus pulchritudini tuae respondet, rex avium es." Tum corvus, laudibus vulpeculae inflatus, cantare conatus est. Sed e rostro aperto delapsus est caseus, quem vulpecula statim devoravit. Verba adulatorum sunt preti parvi, ut haec fabula docet.

Vocabulary:
1. Corvus, i: a raven.
2. Alicunde: from some place or other or some source or other.
3. Caseum: cheese..
4. Magnopere: greatly.
5. Conatus, us: attempt.
6. Sed: but, however.
7. Statim: immediately.
8. Devoro: devour. 
9. Penna, ae: feathers, wings. 

Notes from the book:
1. "Pol!" means, "By Pollux!"
2. "Vulpes, pis" means "fox", but "vulpecula" means "little fox".

Deity of the Day: Acca Larentia

Acca Larentia saved the lives of Romulus and Remus. Her festival, Larentalia, was held on December 23rd.

Latin Word of the Day: Absentia, ae

Latin word of the day: Absentia, ae.
Gender: Feminine.
Meaning in English: Absence.
Declension: First.

Nominative singular: absentia
Genitive singular: absentiae
Dative singular: absentiae
Accusative singular: absentiam
Ablative singular: absentia
Vocative singular: absentia
Nominative plural: absentiae
Genitive plural: absentiarum
Dative plural: absentiis
Accusative plural: absentiae
Ablative plural: absentiis
Vocative plural: absentiae

Observations and things to remember:
1. Most nouns of the first declension are feminine.
2. The nominative and vocative singular are the same, and the nominative and vocative plural are the same.
3. The genitive singular and the dative singular are the same.
4. The genitive plural is fun to say.
5. The dative case is the noun to which something is given.
6. The ablative case indicates place, time, or manner.
7. The vocative case is used when a noun is addressed.
8. According to Wheelock's, the base of a first declension noun is found by dropping the genitive ending.

Meditations, Book I, Section 17

Meditations, Book I, Section 17:
Whatsoever proceeds from the gods immediately, that any man will grant totally depends from their divine providence. As for those things that are commonly said to happen by fortune, even those must be conceived to have dependence from nature, or from that first and general connection, and concatenation of all those things, which more apparently by the divine providence are administered and brought to pass. All things flow from thence: and whatsoever it is that is, is both necessary, and conducing to the whole (part of which thou art), and whatsoever it is that is requisite and necessary for the preservation of the general, must of necessity for every particular nature, be good and behoveful. And as for the whole, it is preserved, as by the perpetual mutation and conversion of the simple elements one into another, so also by the mutation, and alteration of things mixed and compounded. Let these things suffice thee; let them be always unto thee, as thy general rules and precepts. As for thy thirst after books, away with it with all speed, that thou die not murmuring and complaining, but truly meek and well satisfied, and from thy heart thankful unto the gods.
This concludes Book I.

Meditations, Book I, Section 16

Meditations, Book I, Section 16:
Whatsoever I am, is either flesh, or life, or that which we commonly call the mistress and overruling part of man; reason. Away with thy books, suffer not thy mind any more to be distracted, and carried to and fro; for it will not be; but as even now ready to die, think little of thy flesh: blood, bones, and a skin; a pretty piece of knit and twisted work, consisting of nerves, veins and arteries; think no more of it, than so. And as for thy life, consider what it is; a wind; not one constant wind neither, but every moment of an hour let out, and sucked in again. The third, is thy ruling part; and here consider; Thou art an old man; suffer not that excellent part to be brought in subjection, and to become slavish: suffer it not to be drawn up and down with unreasonable and unsociable lusts and motions, as it were with wires and nerves; suffer it not any more, either to repine at anything now present, or to fear and fly anything to come, which the destiny hath appointed thee. 

Tuesday, September 16, 2014

Meditations, Book I, Section 15

Meditations, Book I, Section 15:
In the country of the Quadi at Granua, these. Betimes in the morning, say to thyself, This day I shalt have to do with an idle curious man, with an unthankful man, a railer, a crafty, false, or an envious man; an unsociable uncharitable man. All these ill qualities have happened unto them, through ignorance of that which is truly good and truly bad. But I that understand the nature of that which is good, that it only is to be desired, and of that which is bad, that it only is truly odious and shameful: who know moreover, that this transgressor, whosoever he be, is my kinsman, not by the same blood and seed, but by participation of the same reason, and of the same divine particle; How can I either be hurt by any of those, since it is not in their power to make me incur anything that is truly reproachful? or angry, and ill affected towards him, who by nature is so near unto me? for we are all born to be fellow-workers, as the feet, the hands, and the eyelids; as the rows of the upper and under teeth: for such therefore to be in opposition, is against nature; and what is it to chafe at, and to be averse from, but to be in opposition?

Meditations, Book I, Section 14

Meditations, Book I, Section 14:
From the gods I received that I had good grandfathers, and parents, a good sister, good masters, good domestics, loving kinsmen, almost all that I have; and that I never through haste and rashness transgressed against any of them, notwithstanding that my disposition was such, as that such a thing (if occasion had been) might very well have been committed by me, but that It was the mercy of the gods, to prevent such a concurring of matters and occasions, as might make me to incur this blame. That I was not long brought up by the concubine of my father; that I preserved the flower of my youth. That I took not upon me to be a man before my time, but rather put it off longer than I needed. That I lived under the government of my lord and father, who would take away from me all pride and vainglory, and reduce me to that conceit and opinion that it was not impossible for a prince to live in the court without a troop of guards and followers, extraordinary apparel, such and such torches and statues, and other like particulars of state and magnificence; but that a man may reduce and contract himself almost to the state of a private man, and yet for all that not to become the more base and remiss in those public matters and affairs, wherein power and authority is requisite. That I have had such a brother, who by his own example might stir me up to think of myself; and by his respect and love, delight and please me. That I have got ingenuous children, and that they were not born distorted, nor with any other natural deformity. That I was no great proficient in the study of rhetoric and poetry, and of other faculties, which perchance I might have dwelt upon, if I had found myself to go on in them with success. That I did by times prefer those, by whom I was brought up, to such places and dignities, which they seemed unto me most to desire; and that I did not put them off with hope and expectation, that (since that they were yet but young) I would do the same hereafter. That I ever knew Apollonius and Rusticus, and Maximus. That I have had occasion often and effectually to consider and meditate with myself, concerning that life which is according to nature, what the nature and manner of it is: so that as for the gods and such suggestions, helps and inspirations, as might be expected from them, nothing did hinder, but that I might have begun long before to live according to nature; or that even now that I was not yet partaker and in present possession of that life, that I myself (in that I did not observe those inward motions, and suggestions, yea and almost plain and apparent instructions and admonitions of the gods,) was the only cause of it. That my body in such a life, hath been able to hold out so long. That I never had to do with Benedicta and Theodotus, yea and afterwards when I fell into some fits of love, I was soon cured. That having been often displeased with Rusticus, I never did him anything for which afterwards I had occasion to repent. That it being so that my mother was to die young, yet she lived with me all her latter years. That as often as I had a purpose to help and succour any that either were poor, or fallen into some present necessity, I never was answered by my officers that there was not ready money enough to do it; and that I myself never had occasion to require the like succour from any other. That I have such a wife, so obedient, so loving, so ingenuous. That I had choice of fit and able men, to whom I might commit the bringing up of my children. That by dreams I have received help, as for other things, so in particular, how I might stay my casting of blood, and cure my dizziness, as that also that happened to thee in Cajeta, as unto Chryses when he prayed by the seashore. And when I did first apply myself to philosophy, that I did not fall into the hands of some sophists, or spent my time either in reading the manifold volumes of ordinary philosophers, nor in practising myself in the solution of arguments and fallacies, nor dwelt upon the studies of the meteors, and other natural curiosities. All these things without the assistance of the gods, and fortune, could not have been.

Deity of the Day: Abundantia

Abundantia is the Roman goddess of abundance and prosperity.

Latin Word of the Day: Stella, ae

I have absolutely no time to study Latin. Still, not to be exposed to it at all seems a shame. Perhaps I can be a passive observer of Latin words, without attempting any grand plans. I would like to keep it basic and simple, so only words drawn from a single class. 

Latin word of the day: Stella, ae.
Gender: Feminine.
Meaning in English: Star.
Declension: First.

Nominative singular: stella
Genitive singular: stellae
Dative singular: stellae
Accusative singular: stellam
Ablative singular: stella
Vocative singular: stella
Nominative plural: stellae
Genitive plural: stellarum
Dative plural: stellis
Accusative plural: stellas
Ablative plural: stellis
Vocative plural: stellae

Observations and things to remember:
1. Most nouns of the first declension are feminine.
2. The nominative and vocative singular are the same, and the nominative and vocative plural are the same.

Monday, September 15, 2014

Meditations, Book I, Section 13

Meditations, Book I, Section 13:
In my father, I observed his meekness; his constancy without wavering in those things, which after a due examination and deliberation, he had determined. How free from all vanity he carried himself in matter of honour and dignity, (as they are esteemed:) his laboriousness and assiduity, his readiness to hear any man, that had aught to say tending to any common good: how generally and impartially he would give every man his due; his skill and knowledge, when rigour or extremity, or when remissness or moderation was in season; how he did abstain from all unchaste love of youths; his moderate condescending to other men's occasions as an ordinary man, neither absolutely requiring of his friends, that they should wait upon him at his ordinary meals, nor that they should of necessity accompany him in his journeys; and that whensoever any business upon some necessary occasions was to be put off and omitted before it could be ended, he was ever found when he went about it again, the same man that he was before. His accurate examination of things in consultations, and patient hearing of others. He would not hastily give over the search of the matter, as one easy to be satisfied with sudden notions and apprehensions. His care to preserve his friends; how neither at any time he would carry himself towards them with disdainful neglect, and grow weary of them; nor yet at any time be madly fond of them. His contented mind in all things, his cheerful countenance, his care to foresee things afar off, and to take order for the least, without any noise or clamour. Moreover how all acclamations and flattery were repressed by him: how carefully he observed all things necessary to the government, and kept an account of the common expenses, and how patiently he did abide that he was reprehended by some for this his strict and rigid kind of dealing. How he was neither a superstitious worshipper of the gods, nor an ambitious pleaser of men, or studious of popular applause; but sober in all things, and everywhere observant of that which was fitting; no affecter of novelties: in those things which conduced to his ease and convenience, (plenty whereof his fortune did afford him,) without pride and bragging, yet with all freedom and liberty: so that as he did freely enjoy them without any anxiety or affectation when they were present; so when absent, he found no want of them. Moreover, that he was never commended by any man, as either a learned acute man, or an obsequious officious man, or a fine orator; but as a ripe mature man, a perfect sound man; one that could not endure to be flattered; able to govern both himself and others. Moreover, how much he did honour all true philosophers, without upbraiding those that were not so; his sociableness, his gracious and delightful conversation, but never unto satiety; his care of his body within bounds and measure, not as one that desired to live long, or over-studious of neatness, and elegancy; and yet not as one that did not regard it: so that through his own care and providence, he seldom needed any inward physic, or outward applications: but especially how ingeniously he would yield to any that had obtained any peculiar faculty, as either eloquence, or the knowledge of the laws, or of ancient customs, or the like; and how he concurred with them, in his best care and endeavour that every one of them might in his kind, for that wherein he excelled, be regarded and esteemed: and although he did all things carefully after the ancient customs of his forefathers, yet even of this was he not desirous that men should take notice, that he did imitate ancient customs. Again, how he was not easily moved and tossed up and down, but loved to be constant, both in the same places and businesses; and how after his great fits of headache he would return fresh and vigorous to his wonted affairs. Again, that secrets he neither had many, nor often, and such only as concerned public matters: his discretion and moderation, in exhibiting of the public sights and shows for the pleasure and pastime of the people: in public buildings. congiaries, and the like. In all these things, having a respect unto men only as men, and to the equity of the things themselves, and not unto the glory that might follow. Never wont to use the baths at unseasonable hours; no builder; never curious, or solicitous, either about his meat, or about the workmanship, or colour of his clothes, or about anything that belonged to external beauty. In all his conversation, far from all inhumanity, all boldness, and incivility, all greediness and impetuosity; never doing anything with such earnestness, and intention, that a man could say of him, that he did sweat about it: but contrariwise, all things distinctly, as at leisure; without trouble; orderly, soundly, and agreeably. A man might have applied that to him, which is recorded of Socrates, that he knew how to want, and to enjoy those things, in the want whereof, most men show themselves weak; and in the fruition, intemperate: but to hold out firm and constant, and to keep within the compass of true moderation and sobriety in either estate, is proper to a man, who hath a perfect and invincible soul; such as he showed himself in the sickness of Maximus.
Merriam-Webster online says a 'congiary' was a 'present or largess (as of corn, wine, or oil) made in ancient Rome to the soldiers or the people'.

Good Night

Prayer to Jupiter for all people in the world, especially those in harm's way. Good night from Asia!

Meditations, Book I, Section 12

Meditations, Book I, Section 12:
From Claudius Maximus, in all things to endeavour to have power of myself, and in nothing to be carried about; to be cheerful and courageous in all sudden chances and accidents, as in sicknesses: to love mildness, and moderation, and gravity: and to do my business, whatsoever it be, thoroughly, and without querulousness. Whatsoever he said, all men believed him that as he spake, so he thought, and whatsoever he did, that he did it with a good intent. His manner was, never to wonder at anything; never to be in haste, and yet never slow: nor to be perplexed, or dejected, or at any time unseemly, or excessively to laugh: nor to be angry, or suspicious, but ever ready to do good, and to forgive, and to speak truth; and all this, as one that seemed rather of himself to have been straight and right, than ever to have been rectified or redressed; neither was there any man that ever thought himself undervalued by him, or that could find in his heart, to think himself a better man than he. He would also be very pleasant and gracious.
Remarkable. A really nice example of how to be a human. 

Sunday, September 14, 2014

Meditations, Book I, Section 11

Meditations, Book I, Section 11:
From my brother Severus, to be kind and loving to all them of my house and family; by whom also I came to the knowledge of Thrasea and Helvidius, and Cato, and Dio, and Brutus. He it was also that did put me in the first conceit and desire of an equal commonwealth, administered by justice and equality; and of a kingdom wherein should be regarded nothing more than the good and welfare of the subjects. Of him also, to observe a constant tenor, (not interrupted, with any other cares and distractions,) in the study and esteem of philosophy: to be bountiful and liberal in the largest measure; always to hope the best; and to be confident that my friends love me. In whom I moreover observed open dealing towards those whom he reproved at any time, and that his friends might without all doubt or much observation know what he would, or would not, so open and plain was he.
"[O]pen dealing towards those whom he reproved at any time[.]" This is good. The human mind in conflict is an ugly thing. To be fair-minded, open, honest, and plain even toward those with whom one has a disagreement--that is refreshing. 

Cartoon Gangster

I don't want to fail to achieve long-term goals because I shortsightedly got caught up in a passing conflict over something trivial, or because I was overly concerned with 'respect'. I don't want to be a cartoon gangster. 

Meditations, Book I, Section 10

Meditations, Book I, Section 10:
Of Catulus, not to contemn any friend's expostulation, though unjust, but to strive to reduce him to his former disposition: freely and heartily to speak well of all my masters upon any occasion, as it is reported of Domitius, and Athenodotus: and to love my children with true affection.

Meditations, Book I, Section 9

Meditations, Book I, Section 9:
Of Alexander the Platonic, not often nor without great necessity to say, or to write to any man in a letter, 'I am not at leisure'; nor in this manner still to put off those duties, which we owe to our friends and acquaintances (to every one in his kind) under pretence of urgent affairs.

Meditations, Book I, Section 8

Meditations, Book I, Section 8:
Of Fronto, to how much envy and fraud and hypocrisy the state of tyrannous king is subject unto, and how they who are commonly called [Eupatridas Gk.], i.e. nobly born, are in some sort incapable, or void of natural affection.

Saturday, September 13, 2014

Meditations, Book I, Section 7

Meditations, Book I, Section 7:
From Alexander the Grammarian, to be un-reprovable myself, and not reproachfully to reprehend any man for a barbarism, or a solecism, or any false pronunciation, but dextrously by way of answer, or testimony, or confirmation of the same matter (taking no notice of the word) to utter it as it should have been spoken; or by some other such close and indirect admonition, handsomely and civilly to tell him of it.
I think Marcus is talking here strictly about language usage, not ideas conveyed by language. The dictionary says a solecism is a 'grammatical error' or a 'breach of good manners'. In 2014, with auto-correct on many platforms, you encounter language errors less often than ever before. 

I would argue that if you see another person's language error, it's often good form to mirror their error for the duration of the conversation, so they aren't made to feel inferior by way of indirect correction. 

Meditations, Book I, Section 6

The qualities listed in this section are important, but, in my view, not easy to follow. Of course, that's why I read this book--to remind myself that humans have a higher potential, and that in any situation I find myself in, there might be a higher road to take than what convention or reflex would suggest. 

Meditations, Book I, Section 6:
Of Sextus, mildness and the pattern of a family governed with paternal affection; and a purpose to live according to nature: to be grave without affectation: to observe carefully the several dispositions of my friends, not to be offended with idiots, nor unseasonably to set upon those that are carried with the vulgar opinions, with the theorems, and tenets of philosophers: his conversation being an example how a man might accommodate himself to all men and companies; so that though his company were sweeter and more pleasing than any flatterer's cogging and fawning; yet was it at the same time most respected and reverenced: who also had a proper happiness and faculty, rationally and methodically to find out, and set in order all necessary determinations and instructions for a man's life. A man without ever the least appearance of anger, or any other passion; able at the same time most exactly to observe the Stoic Apathia, or unpassionateness, and yet to be most tender-hearted: ever of good credit; and yet almost without any noise, or rumour: very learned, and yet making little show.

Friday, September 12, 2014

Meditations, Book I, Section 5

Meditations, Book I, Section 5:
From Apollonius, true liberty, and unvariable steadfastness, and not to regard anything at all, though never so little, but right and reason: and always, whether in the sharpest pains, or after the loss of a child, or in long diseases, to be still the same man; who also was a present and visible example unto me, that it was possible for the same man to be both vehement and remiss: a man not subject to be vexed, and offended with the incapacity of his scholars and auditors in his lectures and expositions; and a true pattern of a man who of all his good gifts and faculties, least esteemed in himself, that his excellent skill and ability to teach and persuade others the common theorems and maxims of the Stoic philosophy. Of him also I learned how to receive favours and kindnesses (as commonly they are accounted:) from friends, so that I might not become obnoxious unto them, for them, nor more yielding upon occasion, than in right I ought; and yet so that I should not pass them neither, as an unsensible and unthankful man.

Meditations, Book I, Section 4

Meditations, Book I, Section 4:
To Rusticus I am beholding, that I first entered into the conceit that my life wanted some redress and cure. And then, that I did not fall into the ambition of ordinary sophists, either to write tracts concerning the common theorems, or to exhort men unto virtue and the study of philosophy by public orations; as also that I never by way of ostentation did affect to show myself an active able man, for any kind of bodily exercises. And that I gave over the study of rhetoric and poetry, and of elegant neat language. That I did not use to walk about the house in my long robe, nor to do any such things. Moreover I learned of him to write letters without any affectation, or curiosity; such as that was, which by him was written to my mother from Sinuessa: and to be easy and ready to be reconciled, and well pleased again with them that had offended me, as soon as any of them would be content to seek unto me again. To read with diligence; not to rest satisfied with a light and superficial knowledge, nor quickly to assent to things commonly spoken of: whom also I must thank that ever I lighted upon Epictetus his Hypomnemata, or moral commentaries and common-factions: which also he gave me of his own.

Thursday, September 11, 2014

Meditations, Book I, Section 3

Meditations, Book I, Section 3:
Of Diognetus, not to busy myself about vain things, and not easily to believe those things, which are commonly spoken, by such as take upon them to work wonders, and by sorcerers, or prestidigitators, and impostors; concerning the power of charms, and their driving out of demons, or evil spirits; and the like. Not to keep quails for the game; nor to be mad after such things. Not to be offended with other men's liberty of speech, and to apply myself unto philosophy. Him also I must thank, that ever I heard first Bacchius, then Tandasis and Marcianus, and that I did write dialogues in my youth; and that I took liking to the philosophers' little couch and skins, and such other things, which by the Grecian discipline are proper to those who profess philosophy. 

Meditations, Book I, Section 2

Meditations, Book I, Section 2:
Of him that brought me up, not to be fondly addicted to either of the two great factions of the coursers in the circus, called Prasini, and Veneti: nor in the amphitheatre partially to favour any of the gladiators, or fencers, as either the Parmularii, or the Secutores. Moreover, to endure labour; nor to need many things; when I have anything to do, to do it myself rather than by others; not to meddle with many businesses; and not easily to admit of any slander.
These are good; I especially like the last one. I understand it to mean not readily to believe lies, half truths, or misrepresentations about another person. One could extend it to unwillingness to be too ready to believe 'true' information about another person without further confirmation, to hold apparent facts tentatively in one's mind, and to treat them as tentative when in conversation with another person. 

Wednesday, September 10, 2014

Meditations, Book I, Section 1

Former Chinese premier Wen Jiabao famously said that he read Meditations by Marcus Aurelius over 100 times.

I'm not sure I want to read it that many times, but since the key point is application, not abstract knowledge, reading it several or many times would seem to help get it into one's reflexive memory, such that when particular thoughts are needed, they flow freely into one's mind from one's memory. 

Here is Book I, Section 1:
Of my grandfather Verus I have learned to be gentle and meek, and to refrain from all anger and passion. From the fame and memory of him that begot me I have learned both shamefastness and manlike behaviour. Of my mother I have learned to be religious, and bountiful; and to forbear, not only to do, but to intend any evil; to content myself with a spare diet, and to fly all such excess as is incidental to great wealth. Of my great-grandfather, both to frequent public schools and auditories, and to get me good and able teachers at home; and that I ought not to think much, if upon such occasions, I were at excessive charges. 

Sunday, September 7, 2014

No Thank You

I went hiking. A man strikes up a conversation with me. He asks me if I'm single. I say, "Yes." He says I'm pretty. I say, "No, no, I'm not pretty." (This is true, I am not pretty; nor, for that matter, am I good at studying, although that's irrelevant to this story.) He says he's an engineer. We talk about this and that. What I will do for Thanksgiving (This weekend is Thanksgiving in Korea.) What he will do for Thanksgiving. He starts making plans for the two of us. We will exchange phone numbers, he says. We will go hiking together; different hiking courses, this fall. We will drink together sometime. We sit on a bench where the trail splits, one path going up one mountain, another path going up a different mountain. He asks me if it's hard to prepare food, living by myself. I say, "Sometimes I prepare food at home; sometimes I get take out." I say, "How about you?" He says, "I'm married. My wife cooks for me." He asks for my phone number. I say, "I'm sorry, but you're married." He says, "It's okay with me!" I say, "It's not okay with me!" He says it's okay with him, again. I say it's not okay with me, again. A third time. He asks me if I will go up the main trail with him. I say, well, I already went that way a couple of times. I want to go up the other trail, to the other mountain. He asks me a second time to go up the main trail. I respond the same a second time. A third time. Finally, I stand up, I wish him a sincere happy Thanksgiving (not cold and formal, but sincere and warm). Then I head up the other trail. 

This is men's nature. I don't want to judge him or be angry at him.

Friday, September 5, 2014

Doing Good Stuff

It's not pride. I regret that it might appear that way. It's more like relief. As I said, I was in depression for almost three decades. During that time, so many bad things happened. I was cruel to other people. Other people were cruel to me. Beyond that, one can see that we residents of this world are awash in a sea of inhuman behavior toward one another.

So, if I do something that is good, that uplifts other people, that helps others, that makes them happy, that in any way makes the world a better place, in some tangible way, there is this enormous feeling of relief and joy. For once, something good happened. 

Marcus Aurelius says in Meditations, what is left to do but to perform good acts for the rest of one's life? 

Thursday, September 4, 2014

Good Good Good

I study with my friend after midnight at the all-night McDonald's--it's no big deal--we had been studying in the morning, but she works till very late, so it was hard for her to keep the schedule. In order to make it easier, I said I would push my sleeping schedule back and study at night, when she's available, instead of the morning.

Along the walk back home tonight, I encountered a man sleeping in a sitting position on the line dividing the shoulder of the road from the traffic lane, with his back to the road. Sometimes men crash outside after drinking--here it's not so dangerous. So normally I would have just walked on. But, when someone's in the road, there's no walking on.  

Still, I was expecting the worst. When you try to help intoxicated people, things can go awry. But after some coaxing, he was able to stand on his own power and come out of the road. He started off in the same direction as I was. We talked and walked for a bit, and he told me about his life. He was 66 years old and didn't have any children. He asked me my age, etc. He said good-bye when we reached an outdoor advertising tent set up along the sidewalk. Perhaps he intended to crash underneath it--I don't know. But in any case, he said he would stop, and that I should go on. He said he was happy to have met me, and smiled and waved as we parted. I was happy to have met him, too.

Good night, world. Much love to you from far away.  

Wednesday, September 3, 2014

Late Summer Night Insects

It's past one in the morning here. All is quiet, and the late summer night insects are out. I've loved them since I was little.

I pray for peace.

Good night world.

Monday, September 1, 2014